This article was first published in Crime Justice & America, 2009, by Andrew Dósa, and was written directly to defendants, to assist them as they prepared for the Pre-Sentence Probation Officer Interview.
SPEAK FOR YOURSELF–HELP YOURSELF:
BE PREPARED FOR THE PROBATION INTERVIEW
You have been forced to be silent. From the start of your case through change of plea, you were quiet. You wanted to speak up, but someone else did the talking, explaining, arguing, and negotiating for you. Your attorney was your mouthpiece. But now it is your turn, your one and vitally important turn.
Here is the setting. You have negotiated a deal and changed your plea. The sentencing hearing is a couple weeks away. A probation officer is sitting in front of you. She is overwhelmed with work, deadlines, stress, a personal conflict with a spouse–like everybody else. What can you do for yourself? How can you leave a positive impression? Consider a few things and then plan your presentation.
First, the probation officer probably took the job to help, have an impact. He wants you to do better and also have a “just” sentence. But being overworked and stressed, the officer does not have the time to get to know you. This person is now trying to keep up with all the interviews and report writing deadlines. Maybe he became jaded and cynical. What do you think will get this person on your side?
Second, the probation officer wants to know if you understand your responsibility. He has heard it all and is not naive. He knows how to read people. Don’t make excuses. Take responsibility for your own life. Did you make bad choices about friends and associates? Did they help you mess up? You cannot blame them. Nobody forced you to get into trouble. But you can say you followed, instead of taking the lead for yourself and walking away. Admit your mistakes. Don’t try to sell a Kia and call it a Cadillac.
The third point is like the second point. Be a straight shooter. Do not lie. Briefly describe what happened, what led up to the mess, the arrest, your priors, whether you had failures to appear, your family and social history and your employment situation, and so on. Remember that the probation officer had the police report (which is tilted against you) and probably a complete history. Don’t tell a story that sounds like material for the National Enquirer. The interviewer can tell when a lie or exaggeration is called the truth.
Fourth, the judge reads, trusts, and relies on the officer’s pre-sentence report. That report may be “‘the single most important document at both the sentencing and correctional levels of the criminal process.'”FN1. This time with the probation officer really counts. Make the most of the interview.
FN1: (5 LaFave, Criminal Procedure §§ 26.5(b), at 788 [2d ed], quoting Fennell & Hall, Due Process at Sentencing: An Empirical and Legal Analysis of the Disclosure of Presentence Reports in Federal Courts, 93 Harv L Rev 1613 [1980]).
Some counties have you complete a questionnaire. After reading your answers or listening to you, the probation officer will find aggravating factors (to make the sentence harsher) or mitigating factors (so you get a better sentence). The probation officer will determine if you are probation eligible and recommend fines to be imposed and length of incarceration.
Fifth, honesty does not mean you tell everything. You have to be wise, thoughtful, and careful. The less you say while saying everything you have to say is best. What does that mean? Is that even possible? Consider this rule–it is easier to add words than subtract words. If you always say more, later. Once you say something, you cannot un-ring the bell.
Your words are a two-edged sword, cutting both ways. In rare situations, your statements might boomerang back and be used against you later. It is more likely, however, that saying the wrong thing will cause the harm. Consider a client who hurt a five year old girl. The probation officer asked why he did it. He said he did not know. The probation officer thought he was lying. The defendant may not have fully known, but he was unwilling to really look at himself and his conduct. He could have said he needed help to deal with his insecurities and desires to control or hurt a child. That would have been better, and honest.
Sixth, do not even consider being uncooperative during the interview. Silence, lying, denials, game playing or a less than humble attitude will always work against you; they will be emphasized by your interviewer in the pre-sentence report. Lack of cooperation might undermine your deal and persuade the court to give you a stiffer sentence. Remember you will do more good by working with the probation officer. More importantly, you are working for yourself.
Seventh, get your attorney’s help. You need to be prepared for the interview. Perhaps this article will help. But you should ask your attorney for guidance. Meet with your attorney, if possible. At a minimum, ask your attorney to write to the probation officer to support you.
Finally, let’s emphasize one of the key points. It may be the most difficult part of this interview for you. But the hard part might be the simplest thing. You must do it. Take responsibility for what you did. You want to persuade the interviewer you understand you know right from wrong. Someone taught you the difference between good and bad, right and wrong. Say that you did not honor those who taught you those lessons. Did you give in to temptation? Acknowledge it. Did you let a friend or associate talk you into it? Admit you were not strong. If you were angry, agree that you lost your cool. If you were drunk or under the influence, say you cannot let your drink or stash control you. Admit it and recognize you might need therapy or treatment. You messed up. Everybody does. But learn the lessons.
Go into the interview having counted the cost of your conduct. Tell the interviewer you don’t want to pay any more. Look at what you are missing. You won’t see your lover anytime soon. Your son or daughter is growing up. Do you want to miss that first smile or first step? Do you think your girlfriend will wait forever? Who are the people you’ll miss while you are inside? Mention who you have hurt and who will suffer while you are away. Tell the officer you know you have let down the people depending on you. Identify the lesson you have learned and tell the probation officer. If your friends and associates led you astray, say you want to choose better friends, be a better friend, and you want to live a better life. Identify your obstacles and what you intend to do to unlearn bad habits and develop good ones.
You have already changed your plea–the court made a finding of guilt. Don’t destroy your credibility with a flip flop and foolish pride and deny your role in the crime. Yes, I do know there will be some who did not commit any crime or the particular crime admitted. Putting aside why you changed your plea, you still have a very good reason to impress the probation officer. She can recommend that the sentencing judge affirm your deal. At this stage of the battle, you want to lock in the peace treaty. Close the deal, warts and all. It is better than the alternatives.
With those comments to get you thinking, remember how much you can help yourself during the interview. The probation officer may not know what to think of you before he meets you. But you can influence his final conclusions about you. You have credibility–use it. Be honest, straight forward, and real. If you want your denial-of-guilt card game, and the evidence against you is compelling, the probation officer will call your bluff. That will be your only card. The probation officer, prosecutor and judge have the other 51 cards.
Now it is your turn to be your own advocate. Make the most of your interview. Nobody will speak for you.
Andrew Dósa, of the Law Offices of Andrew Dósa,
1516 Oak Street, Suite 310
Alameda, California 94501
Telephone: (510) 865-1600
Facsimile: (510) 865-7245
adosa@dosalaw.com
